Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Arthritis

Since the 1930's, Omega-3 fatty acids have been known to be essential components of the diet of humans and many animals. An essential fatty acid is a fatty acid that is required for normal growth or health maintenance. The main types of essential fatty acids are Omega-3 fatty acids and Omega-6 fatty acids; the number refers to the chemical structure.

Earlier research concentrated on the role of Omega-6 fatty acids, but in recent decades, scientists turned their attention to the role of Omega-3 fatty acids in health. Scientific research has shown that Omega-3 fatty acids have a general anti-inflammatory effect in the body. They also support the normal growth and development of brain, eye and nerve tissue, support immune function, and may reduce the risk of certain types of cardiovascular disease.

The main Omega-3 fatty acids that are essential to the diet are α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Fish oil, especially that from salmon or other fatty fish, is a rich source of both EPA and DHA. Other good sources include green-lipped mussels, certain types of algae, and flax oil.

Recent studies published in the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association showed that dogs with osteoarthritis benefit from eating foods containing high concentrations of Omega-3 fatty acids. According to the published results, dogs that ate these foods experienced less pain and had better mobility.

According to contributing author Kevin Hahn: "These studies demonstrate that feeding a food containing high levels of Omega-3 fatty acids to a dog with osteoarthritis significantly improves mobility and quality of life." The studies included 274 dogs with osteoarthritis. The focus of the research was on the effects of Omega-3 fatty acids on: the clinical signs of osteoarthritis; the weight-bearing ability of dogs with the disease; and the dose of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs required by dogs with osteoarthritis.